1. Micro-Electrolysis Filler

Micro-electrolysis filler, also known as iron-carbon filler, is a core component for wastewater treatment via micro-electrolysis. Standardized iron-carbon filler is synthesized by fusing multi-metal alloys with catalysts at 1300°C, effectively resolving issues like passivation and compaction. During wastewater treatment, it generates a 0.9–1.7V potential difference, forming numerous microscopic galvanic cells within the reactor. Using wastewater as the electrolyte, these cells enable electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants through redox reactions at the anode and cathode.

2. Technology Overview

Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis leverages three synergistic mechanisms:

Iron’s      reducibility

Electrochemical      properties

Flocculation/adsorption      by iron ions

Materials: Typically cast iron scraps mixed with activated carbon/coke. When immersed in industrial wastewater (e.g., coking or electroplating effluent), dual electrolysis occurs:

Internal: Microscopic cells form between iron carbide (cathode) and      pure iron (anode) due to their redox potential difference, releasing Fe²⁺ into the solution.

External: Macroscopic cells develop between iron scraps and surrounding      carbon, enhancing reactivity. Catalysts may be added to amplify the      potential gradient.

Key Reactions:

Anode (Fe):
     Fe−2e−→Fe2+E∘(Fe/Fe2+)=0.44V

Cathode      (C):
     2H++2e−→H2E∘(H+/H2)=0.00V

Highly reactive nascent Fe²⁺ and atomic H degrade organic compounds via chain cleavage or ring opening.

With Aeration:
O2+4H++4e−→2H2OE∘=1.23V
O2+2H2O+4e−→4OH−E∘=0.41V
4Fe2++O2+4H+→2H2O+4Fe3+

Generated Fe³⁺ hydrolyzes into polymeric Fe(OH)₃ flocculants, which adsorb suspended solids/heavy metals more effectively than conventional coagulants.

3. Technology Advantages

Rapid      reaction (30 mins–few hours for most industrial wastewater).

Broad      applicability: Degrades recalcitrant      organics (e.g., azo dyes, nitro/halogen compounds).

Cost-effective: Simple operation, minimal maintenance, and stable      performance. Fillers require periodic replenishment without      replacement/activation.

In-situ      coagulation: Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ions outperform chemical coagulants, eliminating secondary      pollution.

High      removal rates for COD/color while      improving biodegradability (B/C ratio).

Multi-pollutant      removal: Phosphorus precipitation and      heavy metal reduction.

Flexible      integration: Suitable as pre-treatment      for high-concentration wastewater or post-biological polishing.

Enhanced      sludge settling and biofilm formation in      biological systems.

4. Applications

Ideal for high-COD, toxic, colored, and bio-resistant wastewater, including:

Industries: Textile, chemical, electroplating, pulp/paper,      pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc.

Key      improvements:

Dyeing/printing effluents: Significant COD/color removal +       B/C ratio boost.

Petrochemical/leather wastewater: Enhanced       biodegradability.

Heavy metal-laden streams (mining, electroplating):       Effective metal removal.

Organochlorine/phosphorus pesticides: Degradation +       sulfur/phosphorus elimination.